In brief
- Proposed in November 2023, the Pectra upgrade follows March 2024’s Dencun upgrade and is scheduled for rollout in March 2025.
- Pectra is the third significant upgrade since the merge in 2022, which saw Ethereum move from a proof-of-work algorithm to proof-of-stake.
- Pectra improves network performance and user experience by merging the Prague and Electra upgrades.
- Key features include account abstraction, smart contract optimizations, and improved staking.
- Stakers benefit from higher validator limits, from 32 ETH ($2,921.24) to 2048 ETH, and flexible withdrawals.
The Ethereum ecosystem is continuously evolving. The latest milestone in its development is the Pectra upgrade.
Set for March 2025, the Pectra upgrade merges the Prague and Electra upgrades, which were originally planned as separate updates but were combined for better integration and to enhance scalability, efficiency, and usability.
The Pectra Upgrade introduces account abstraction for flexible gas payments, enhancements to smart contracts, improved staking options, and technical upgrades like Verkle trees and PeerDAS to optimize data management and laye...



















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